Conclusion:

• The research-based curricula were all significantly more effective (> 2 std. err.) for helping students learn physics concepts: (Results are consistent with Hake’s study)

TEACHING METHOD Overall <h> ± std. err. N3 <h> ± std. err. Traditional Lecture 16% ± 3% 28% ± 4%

Tutorial 35% ± 3% 60% ± 3%

Group Problem Solving 34% ± 1% 41% ± 2%

Workshop Physics 41% ± 2% 64% ± 4%

• Even though the research-based curricula were more effective than traditional instruction, there is still considerable room for improvement.

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