A
Anamorph :
The asexual or imperfect reproductive state of a fungus; mitotic diasporic expression of a fungus.
A sexually produced spore formed inside an ascus by "free cell formation" after the union of two nuclei.
Typically a saclike or clavate cell in which meiosis occurs, where ascospores are formed (usually eight) by "free cell formation," and borne in a fungus fruitbody (ascocarp). The spores are often forcibly discharged into the air. Nice main types have been distinguished by light microscopy: annellate, bitunicate (fissitunicate), hypodermataceous, lecanoralean (archeasceous), operculate, ostropalean, prototunicate, pseudoperculate, and verrucarioid.
C
caducous :
Tending to shed; falling off or dropping readily; transitory; deciduous; perishable.
A thick- or double-walled asexual spore formed directly from a vegetative hyphal cell (terminal or intercalary), or by transformation of a conidial cell, that functions as a resistant or overwintering stage.
A cell or an aseptate hypha with several to many nuclei; nonseptate; lacking cross walls or septa.
A specialized, simple or branched hyphal cell or group of cells bearing conidiogenous cells that produce conidia.
E
echinulate (of spores, conidiophores, etc.) :
having sharply pointed spines.
F
fusiform :
spindle shaped; slender and tapered to each end.
G
Also called "ground spot." The place where fruit were in contact with soil when in the field. In cantaloupe, it is usually a flat area of slightly different color and degree of netting. Ground scars can be difficult to detect especially if fruit have been turned periodically in the field.
H
hyaline :
Transparent or nearly so; translucent; clear to colorless.
I
incipent :
early in development
The pathogen or its parts (e.g., fungus spores, mycelium, bacterial cells, nematodes, virus particles, etc.) used for inoculating to produce disease.
L
latent :
Present but not manifested or visible.
lesion :
Well-marked, localized, often sunken area of diseased or disordered tissue; a wound.
M
macronematous (of conidiophores) :
Hyphae morphologically very different from vegetative hyphae and usually erect.
having brown-black pigment.
microsclerotium (pl. microsclerotia) :
Often microscopic, dense aggregate of darkly pigmented, thick-walled hyphal cells specialized for survival; capable of germination to produce a mycelium.
Any enclosure that raises humidity to near 100%. Clear plastic shoe boxes are commonly used, but clear polyethylene bags are equally suitable. A moist paper towel is inserted to raise relative humidity, but this should not come into direct contact with the specimen. A wire mesh can be used to provide a barrier between the moist paper towel and the specimen. Moist chambers are an excellent tool for inducing pathogens to sporulate quickly by providing optimum conditions.
a mass of mycelium with feathery branching strands, typical of Sclerotium rolfsii. Mycelial fans develop overnight in a moist chamber.
The strands, group, or mass of interwoven, tubular hyphae making up the vegetative body (thallus) of a true fungus; "spawn." The mycelia of fungi show great variation in appearance and structure.
N
Nesting :
Clustering of decayed plant material in packed cartons or storage containers due to spread of disease by contact.
O
oospore :
Thick-walled, resting spore in the oomycetes that develops from a fertilized oosphere or by parthenogenesis.
Having an ostiole.
ostiole :
Small, more or less circular, schizogenous, paraphysis-lined pore or cavity in the papilla or neck of a spermagonium (pycnium), perithecium, or pycnidium through which spores are discharged after secession from conidiogenous cells.
P
Bearing a papilla, i.e., a hump or swelling; nipplelike protuberance.
peduncle :
Stalk or main stem of an inflorescence; part of an inflorescence, or a fructification; stalk.
Pseudothecium (pl. pseudothecia) :
Aprotoperithecium; an ascocarp having bitunicate asci in one to many unwalled locules in a stroma that is sometimes very much reduced and may resemble a perithecium.
cushion-shaped; circular and usually strongly convex.
Asexual, usually cup- or flask-shaped to globose, ostiolate, thin-walled, brown fungus fruitbody lined inside with condiophores and conidiogenous cells that produce conidia (pycnidiospores) and composed of textura angularis, usually two to three cells thick but sometimes much thicker.
R
netlike or weblike structure; with netlike ridges or markings; anastomosing system of lines, veins, folds, and ridges.
S
An organism that feeds on dead organic matter commonly causing its decay; a necrophyte on dead material that is not part of a living host.
Firm or hard, frequently rounded, and usually darkly pigmented, sterile, vegetative resting body of a fungus composed of a compact mass of usually thick-walled, interwoven, special-sized hyphal cells with or without the addition of host tissue or soil. The structure may remain dormant in soil, plant refuse, or seed for long periods and is capable of surviving under unfavorable environmental conditions. Sclerotia germinate upon return to favorable conditions to produce a stroma, fruitbody, mycelium, or conidiophores. A sclerotium usually consists of an outer, usually darkened and sclerotized rind and an inner parenchymatous medulla; (of myxomycetes), the firm resting condition of a plasmodium.
A dividing cell wall or partition in a hypha or spore. Septa may be transverse, angular or oblique or longitudinal.
A specialized hypha (a sporophore or stalk) bearing one or more sporangia.
sporodochium (pl. sporodochia) :
Superficial, erumpent, cushion-shaped (pulvinate), asexual fungus fruitbody (stroma) bearing closely packed, relatively short conidiophores, pseudoparenchyma, and conidia covering its upper surface, typical of the Tuberculariaceae.
T
The sexual or perfect state of a fungus, i.e., the form involved in producing meiotic spores.
V
adorned with small, rounded, wartlike structures; appearing as a minutely roughened wall; commonlyy applied to a variety of roughened surfaces between echinulate and reticulate.
delicately or minutely verrucose.
Z
zoospore :
An asexually produced fungus spore bearing flagella and capable of locomotion in water.
The sexually produced, thick-walled resting spore of Zygomycetes produced by the fusion of two morphologically similar gametangia and borne on somatic hyphae; the resting spore resulting from the conjugation of isogametes.