Pinus echinata Mill.

Reproductive Structures

Male cones

• occur in clusters at base of new shoots of branches in lower crown
• 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in) long at maturity
• green to yellow, turning reddish-purple
• mature and release pollen in March and April

Female cones

• occur singly in clusters of 2 to 4 on stems below new shoots
• 1 to 4 cm (0.4 to 1.6 in) long at time of pollination
• green or red to purple at time of pollination
• 4 to 6 cm (1.6 to 2.4 in) long at maturity
• dull to light brown
• ovoid-oblong to conical
• nearly sessile or short-stalked
• apophysis is reddish-brown and rounded
• umbo armed with small, sharp and occasionally deciduous prickles
• mature and release seed September through October of second season
• persist on branch for several years

• 4 to 8 mm (0.2 to 0.3 in) long
• dark brown
• triangular
• wings 8 to 12 mm (0.3 to 0.5 in) long; tan to purplish

Pinus echinata - title page	Range and Habitat	Interactive Comparison Tool
Bark	Reproductive Structures	Glossary
Leaves and Buds	Additional Images	References