Table 9. Sources of Trace Mineralsa
| Mineral | Source | Mineral, % | Remarks
|
|---|
| Iron | Ferrous sulfate | 20.8-32.9 | Excellent bioavailability
|
|---|
| Ferric ammonium citrate | 16.5-18.5 | Good bioavailability
|
|---|
| Ferrous fumarate | 32.9 | Good bioavailability
|
|---|
| Ferric chloride | 20.7 | Mediocre bioavailability
|
|---|
| Ferrous carbonate | 40-43 | Bioavailability varies
|
|---|
| Ferric oxide | 57-61 | Limited bioavailability
|
|---|
| Copper | Cupric carbonate | 57.5 |
|
|---|
| Cupric chloride | 37.3 |
|
|---|
| Cupric hydroxide | 65.1 |
|
|---|
| Cupric oxide | 75-80 | Good to excellent bioavailability
|
|---|
| Cupric sulfate | 25.2 | Excellent bioavailability
|
|---|
| Manganese | Manganese carbonate | 47.8 | All are good sources
|
|---|
| Manganese chloride | 27.8
|
|---|
| Manganese oxide | 60.0-60.6
|
|---|
| Manganese sulfate | 27.0-28.4
|
|---|
| Manganous sulfate | 32.5
|
|---|
| Zinc | Zinc carbonate | 56.0 |
|
|---|
| Zinc carbonate | 48.0 | Good shelf; Good to excellent bioavailability
|
|---|
| Zinc oxide | 72-73 |
|
|---|
| Zinc sulfate | 22.7-36.4 | Excellent bioavailability
|
|---|
| Iodine | Calcium iodate | 62.0-65.1 | Excellent bioavailability
|
|---|
| Potassium iodide | 68.7-68.9 | Not as stable as other forms
|
|---|
| Cuprous iodide | 66.6 |
|
|---|
| Pentacalcium orthoperiodate | 39.3 |
|
|---|
| Ethylenediamine dihydriodide (EDDl) | 80.1 |
|
|---|
| Selenium | Sodium selenite | 45.6 | Both have good availability but both contain 24-27% sodium
|
|---|
| Sodium selenate | 41.8
|
|---|