There often exists substantial confusion when an investigator attempts to determine if a collaboration constitutes a subaward or is a consultant or vendor. Hence, SPARCS provides the following guidance. Much of this guidance was extracted from the July, 1997 publication entitled A Guide to Managing Federal Grants for Colleges and Universities copyrighted by the Atlantic Information Service, Inc.; the National Association of College and University Business Officers; and the National Council of University Research Administrators. All rights reserved.
An organization is considered to be a subrecipient of an award when it:
(1) determines who is eligible to receive financial assistance;
(2) has its performance measured against whether the objectives of the program are met;
(3) has responsibility for programmatic decision making;
(4) has responsibility for adherence to applicable program compliance requirements; and
(5) uses the funds to carry out a program of the organization as compared to providing goods or services for a program of the pass-through entity.
In contrast, an organization is considered a vendor when it:
(1) privides goods and services within normal business operations;
(2) provides similar goods and services to many different purchasers;
(3) operates in a competitive environment;
(4) provides goods or services that are ancillary to the operation of the program; and
(5) is not subject to compliance requirements of the program.
Following are a series of questions from the above refernced publication that will help you understand the difference between a sub-recipient and a vendor as you decide which procurement mechanism is most appropriate for your specific situation:
Is there an identified investigator at the lower-tier organization? If yes, is (s)he a co-investigator on the primary award? Is the lower-tier organization free to decide how to carry out the activities requested of it? Will there be potentially patentable or copyrightable technology emanating from the activities of the lower-tier entity? If yes, does the entity have rights to its technology? Are publications anticipated from the lower tier entity? Will individuals at the lower-tier organization be co-authors on articles?
The above questions must be considered collectively in order to determine the appropriate procurement relationship. Additionally, specific circumstances not addressed in this guidance must be considered in order to make a fully informed decision.