Standard 1
Students will develop an understanding of the characteristics
and scope of technology.
The nature and development of technological
knowledge and processes are functions of the setting.
The rate of technological development
and diffusion is increasing rapidly.
Inventions and innovations are the
result of specific, goal-directed research.
Most development of technologies these
days is driven by the profit motive and the market.
Standard 2
Students will develop an understanding of the core concepts
of technology
Systems thinking applies logic and
creativity with appropriate compromises in complex real-life
problems.
Systems, which are the building blocks
of technology, are embedded within larger technological,
social, and environmental systems.
The stability of a technological system
is influenced by all of the components in the system,
especially those in the feedback loop.
Selecting resources involves tradeoffs
between competing values, such as availability, cost,
desirability, and waste.
Requirements involve the identification
of the criteria and constraints of a product or system
and the determination of how they affect the final design
and development.
Optimization is an ongoing process
or methodology of designing or making a product and is
dependent upon criteria and constraints.
New technologies create new processes.
Quality control is a planned process
to ensure that a product, service, or system meets established
criteria.
Management is the process of planning,
organizing, and controlling work.
Complex systems have many layers of
controls and feedback loops to provide information.
Standard 3
Students will develop an understanding of the relationships
among technologies and the connections between technology
and other fields of study.
Technology transfer occurs when a new
user applies and existing innovation developed for one
purpose in a different function.
Technological innovation often results
when ideas, knowledge, or skills are shared within a technology,
among technologies, or across other fields.
Technological ideas are sometimes protected
through the process of patenting.
Technological progress promotes the
advancement of science and mathematics.
Technology and Society:
Standard 4
Students will develop an understanding of the cultural,
social, economic, and political effects of technology.
Changes caused by the use of technology
can range from gradual to rapid and from subtle to obvious.
Making decisions about the use of
technology involves weighing the trade-offs between the
positive and negative effects.
Ethical considerations are important
in the development, selection, and use of technologies.
The transfer of a technology from
one society to another can cause cultural, social, economic,
and political changes affecting both societies to varying
degrees.
Standard 5
Students will develop an understanding of the effects of
technology on the environment.
Humans can devise technologies to
conserve water, soil, and energy through techniques such
as reusing, reducing, and recycling.
When new technologies are developed
to reduce the use of resources, considerations of trade-offs
are important.
With the aid of technology, various
aspects of the environment can be monitored to provide
information for decision-making.
The alignment of technological processes
with natural processes maximizes performance and reduces
negative impacts on the environment.
Humans devise technologies to reduce
the negative consequences of other technologies.
Decisions regarding the implementation
of technologies involve the weighing of trade-offs between
predicted positive and negative effects on the environment.
Standard 6
Students will develop an understanding of the role of society
in the development and use of technology.
Different cultures develop their own
technologies to satisfy their individual and shared needs,
wants, and values.
The decision whether to develop a technology
is influenced by societal opinions and demands, in addition
to corporate cultures.
A number of different factors such
as advertising, the strength of the economy, the goals
of the company, and the latest fads contribute to shaping
the design of a demand for various technologies.
Standard 7
Students will develop an understanding of the influence
of technology on history.
Most technological development has
been evolutionary, the result of a series of refinement
to a basic invention.
The evolution of civilization has been
directly affected by, and has in turn affected, the development
and use of tools and materials.
Throughout history, technology has
been a powerful force in reshaping the social, cultural,
political, and economic landscape.
Early in the history of technology,
the development of many tools and machines was based not
on scientific knowledge but on technological know-how.
The Iron Age was defined by the use
of iron and steel and the primary materials for tools.
The Middle Ages saw the development
of many technological devices that produced long-lasting
effects on technology and society.
The Renaissance, a time of rebirth
in the arts and humanities, was also an important development
in the history of technology.
The Industrial Revolution saw the
development of continuous manufacturing, sophisticated
transportation and communication systems, advanced construction
practices, and improved education and leisure time.
The Information Age places emphasis
on the processing and exchange of information.
Design:
Standard 8
Students will develop an understanding of the attributes
of design.
The design process includes defining
a problem, brainstorming, researching and generating ideas,
identifying criteria and specifying constraints, exploring
possibilities, selecting an approach, developing a design
proposal, making a model or prototype, testing and evaluating
the design using specifications, refining the design,
creating or making it, and communicating processes and
results.
Design problems are seldom presented
in a clearly defined form.
The design needs to be continually
checked and critiqued, and the ideas of the design must
be refined and improved.
Requirements of a design, such as
criteria, constraints, and efficiency, sometimes compete
with each other.
Standard 9
Students will develop an understanding of the engineering
design.
Established design principles are used
to evaluate existing designs., to collect data, and to
guide the design process.
Engineering design is influenced by
personal characteristics, such as creativity, resourcefulness,
and the ability to visualize and think abstractly.
A prototype is a working model used
to test a design concept by making actual observations
and necessary adjustments.
The process of engineering design
takes into account a number of factors.
Standard 10
Students will develop an understanding of the role of troubleshooting,
research and development, invention and innovation, and
experimentation in problem solving.
Research and development is a specific
problem-solving approach that is used intensively in business
and industry to prepare devices and systems for the marketplace.
Technological problems must be researched
before they can be solved.
Not all problems are technological,
and not every problem can be solved using technology.
Many technological problems require
a multidisciplinary approach.
Abilities for a Technological World:
Standard 11
Students will develop the abilities to apply the design
process.
Identify the design problem to be
solved and decide whether or no to address it.
Identify criteria and constraints
and determine how these will affect the design process/
Refine a design by using prototypes
and modeling to ensure quality, efficiency, and productivity
of the final product.
Evaluate the design solution using
conceptual, physical, and mathematical models at various
intervals on the design process in order to check for
proper design and to note where improvements are needed.
Develop and produce a product or system
using a design process.
Evaluate final solutions and communicate
observations, processes, and results of the entire design
process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual,
and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models.
Standard 12 Students will develop the abilities to use and maintain
technological products and systems.
Document processes and procedures
and communicate them to different audiences using appropriate
oral and written techniques.
Diagnose a system that is malfunctioning
and use tools, materials, machines, and knowledge to repair
it..
Troubleshoot, analyze, and maintain
systems to ensure safe and proper function and precision.
Operate systems so that they function
in the way they were designed.
Use computers and calculators to access
retrieve, organize, process, maintain, interpret, and
evaluate data and information in order to communicate.
Standard 13
Students will develop the abilities to assess the impact
of products and systems.
Collect information and evaluate its
quality.
Synthesize data, analyze trends, and
draw conclusions regarding the effect of technology on
the individual, society, and the environment.
Use assessment techniques, such as
trend analysis and experimentation to make decisions about
the future development of technology.
Design forecasting techniques to evaluate
the results of altering natural systems.
The Designed World:
Standard 14
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to
select and use medical technologies.
Medical technologies include prevention
and rehabilitation, vaccines and pharmaceuticals, medical
and surgical procedures, genetic engineering, and the
systems within which health is protected and maintained.
Telemedicine reflects the convergence
of technological advances in a number of fields, including
medicine, telecommunications, virtual presence, computer
engineering, informatics, artificial intelligence, robotics,
materials science, and perceptual psychology.
The sciences of biochemistry and molecular
biology have made it possible to manipulate the genetic
information found in living creatures.
Standard 15
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to
select and use agricultural and related biotechnologies.
Agriculture includes a combination
of businesses that use a wide array of products and systems
to produce, process, and distribute food, fiber, fuel,
chemical, and other useful products.
Biotechnology has applications in
such areas as agriculture, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages,
medicine, energy, the environment, and genetic engineering.
Conservation is the process of controlling
soil erosion, reducing sediment in waterways, conserving
water, and improving water quality.
The engineering design and management
of agricultural systems require knowledge of artificial
ecosystems and the effect of technological systems on
flora and fauna.
Standard 16
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to
select and use energy and power technologies.
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed;
however, it can be converted from one form to another.
Energy can be grouped into major forms:
thermal, radiant, electrical, mechanical, chemical, nuclear,
and others.
It is impossible to build an engine
to perform work that does not exhaust thermal energy to
the surroundings.
Energy resources can be renewable
or nonrenewable.
Power systems must have a source of
energy, a process, and loads.
Standard 17
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to
select and use information and communication technologies.
Information and communication technologies
include the inputs, processes, and outputs associated
with sending and receiving information.
Information and communication systems
allow information to be transferred from human to human,
human to machine, machine to human, and machine to machine.
Information and communication systems
can be used to inform persuade, entertain, control, manage,
and educate.
Communication systems are made up
of source, encoder, decoder, storage, retrieval, and destination.
There are many ways to communicate
information, such as graphic and electronic means.
Technological knowledge and processes
are communicated using symbols, measurement, conventions,
icons, graphic images, and languages that incorporate
a variety of visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli.
Standard 18
Students will develop and understanding of and be able to
select and use transportation technologies.
Transportation plays a vital role
in the operation of other technologies such as manufacturing,
construction, communication, health and safety, and agriculture.
Intermodalism is the use of different
modes of transportation, such as highways, railways, and
waterways as part of an interconnected system that can
move people and goods easily from one mode to another.
Transportation services and methods
have led to a population that is regularly on the move.
The design of intelligent and non-intelligent
transportation systems depends upon many processes and
innovative techniques.
Standard 19
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to
select and use manufacturing technologies.
Servicing keeps products in good operating
condition.
Materials have different qualities
and may be classified as natural, synthetic, or mixed.
Durable goods are designed to operate
for a long period of time, while non-durable goods are
designed to operate for a short period of time.
Manufacturing systems may be classified
into types, such as customized production, batch production,
and continuous production.
The interchangeability of parts increases
the effectiveness of the manufacturing process.
Chemical technologies provide a means
for humans to alter or modify materials and to produce
chemical products.
Marketing involves establishing a
product's identity, conducting research on its potential,
advertising it, distributing it, and selling it.
Standard 20
Students will develop an understanding of and be able to
select and use construction technologies.
Infrastructure is the underlying base
or basic framework of a system..
Structures are constructed using a
variety of processes and procedures.
The design of structures includes
a number of requirements.
Structures require maintenance, alteration,
or renovation periodically to improve them or alter their
intended use.
